Кратковременный рисунок как метод развития творческих способностей художников

Стаття розкриває основні особливості роботи студента над короткочасним рисунком, вказує на труднощі, що можуть виникнути у учнів, розповідає про фундаментальні принципи та техніки, що використовуються під час роботи. Начерки виконуються художниками не тільки з метою професійного тренування або збору натурного матеріалу, їхня роль не обмежується допоміжними функціями.Article reveals the main features of the student’s work over the sketches indicates the difficulties that may arise out of students, talks about the fundamental principles and techniques used during work. Sketches performed by artists not only to professional training or duty outdoor material, their role is not limited to auxiliary functions. Sketch - it’s not just another exercise in painting, often it is a work of art, albeit small in size, sometimes by a modest task, but that has high artistic value, capable of many things to say to the audience. Masterfully executed sketch of its contents, artistic value can be a real work of art. When the outline is actively working not only sight and hand of the artist, but his curious mind, creative thought, imagination and memory. Sketch allows the efficient sketches of various objects. It enables artists valuable material for creativity. In sketches, sketches receive their initial implementation plans composite artists. The process of creating sketches dynamic and active, it promotes the mobilization of creative forces and aspirations artists, calls for intensive search of drawing tools, methods for solving the image in order to achieve maximum expressiveness and interpretation of imagery depicted. Sketch requires quick orientation, activity of mind, sharp vision depicted nature, skilful means ownership pattern. The student must be assembled, aimed at fast, precise and clear solution sketches. Professional and life experience draftsman activated for future work. It is actively used and manifested creativity personality. You must remember that duration of sketches could be different - from 5 min up till 2-3 hours.Статья раскрывает основные особенности работы студента над кратковременным рисунком, указывает на трудности, возникающие у учащихся, рассказывает о фундаментальных принципах и техники, используемые при работе. Наброски выполняются художниками не только в целях профессиональной тренировки или сбора натурного материала, их роль не ограничивается вспомогательными функциями

Кратковременный рисунок как метод развития творческих способностей художников

Стаття розкриває основні особливості роботи студента над короткочасним рисунком, вказує на труднощі, що можуть виникнути у учнів, розповідає про фундаментальні принципи та техніки, що використовуються під час роботи. Начерки виконуються художниками не тільки з метою професійного тренування або збору натурного матеріалу, їхня роль не обмежується допоміжними функціями.Article reveals the main features of the student’s work over the sketches indicates the difficulties that may arise out of students, talks about the fundamental principles and techniques used during work. Sketches performed by artists not only to professional training or duty outdoor material, their role is not limited to auxiliary functions. Sketch - it’s not just another exercise in painting, often it is a work of art, albeit small in size, sometimes by a modest task, but that has high artistic value, capable of many things to say to the audience. Masterfully executed sketch of its contents, artistic value can be a real work of art. When the outline is actively working not only sight and hand of the artist, but his curious mind, creative thought, imagination and memory. Sketch allows the efficient sketches of various objects. It enables artists valuable material for creativity. In sketches, sketches receive their initial implementation plans composite artists. The process of creating sketches dynamic and active, it promotes the mobilization of creative forces and aspirations artists, calls for intensive search of drawing tools, methods for solving the image in order to achieve maximum expressiveness and interpretation of imagery depicted. Sketch requires quick orientation, activity of mind, sharp vision depicted nature, skilful means ownership pattern. The student must be assembled, aimed at fast, precise and clear solution sketches. Professional and life experience draftsman activated for future work. It is actively used and manifested creativity personality. You must remember that duration of sketches could be different - from 5 min up till 2-3 hours.Статья раскрывает основные особенности работы студента над кратковременным рисунком, указывает на трудности, возникающие у учащихся, рассказывает о фундаментальных принципах и техники, используемые при работе. Наброски выполняются художниками не только в целях профессиональной тренировки или сбора натурного материала, их роль не ограничивается вспомогательными функциями

РОЗРАХУНОК КОНУСНОГО ФІЛЬТРА ДЛЯ ПОПЕРЕДНЬОГО ОЧИЩЕННЯ ВОДИ

The article deals with the design of a conical filter for preliminarymechanical purification of water, which is located inside the pressurepipeline of a pumping station of steam turbine units. Filters forcirculating pumps must ensure reliable ball cleaning and maintainminimum hydraulic resistance, and periodically flush the taperedfilter nets. Flushing should be performed on the go without switchingand without stopping.The characteristics of cone filters are given.The calculation of the processes of internal and external flushing ofthe mesh filter and ensuring the permissible speed of rotation of theflushing flute was performed. As a result of the calculations, the basicgeometrical and hydraulic parameters of the device were determined.The advantages of cone filters include the fact that no more than 1 ...5% of water is consumed from the pipeline for flushing. The effectiverotational speed of the valve flushing device is 4 to 15 revolutions perminute for different concentrations of water contamination bymechanical particles. Total hydraulic losses on the structure rangefrom 0.2 to 0.4 m for different operating modes, which is severaltimes less than the similar hydraulic losses on traditional designs ofwater treatment facilities, in particular, water treatment cartridges.Given the above, and the fact that the use of cone filters eliminates theneed for manual cleaning of filters (which takes an average of 10 ...15% of working time), we can speak about the economic feasibility ofusing a conical design. The advantages of cone filters should alsoinclude their small material capacity, the possibility of modularmanufacturing for placement at pumping stations, differentproductivity.Currently, enough experience has been gained in the design andconstructions of mechanical water treatment devices of various types,but the experience of their effective operation is clearly not enough.В статье рассмотрена конструкция конусного фильтра для предварительной механической очистки воды, который располагается внутри напорного трубопровода насосной станции. Выполнен расчет процессов внутренней и внешней промывки сетчатого полотна фильтра и обеспечения допустимой скорости вращения промывной флейты В результате расчетов определены основные геометрические и гидравлические параметры устройства.В статті розглянуто конструкцію конусного фільтра для попереднього механічного очищення води, який розташовується всерединінапірного трубопроводу насосної станції. Виконаний розрахунокпроцесів внутрішнього і зовнішнього промивання сітчастого полотна фільтра і забезпечення допустимої швидкості обертання промивної флейти В результаті розрахунків визначені основні геометричні і гідравлічні параметри пристрою

Refrigerated warehouses as intelligent hubs to integrate renewable energy in industrial food refrigeration and to enhance power grid sustainability

© 2016 Elsevier LtdBackground Independence from fossil fuels, energy diversification, decarbonisation and energy efficiency are key prerequisites to make a national, regional or continental economy competitive in the global marketplace. As Europe is about to generate 20% of its energy demand from Renewable Energy Sources (RES) by 2020, adequate RES integration and renewable energy storage throughout the entire food cold chain must properly be addressed. Scope and approach Refrigerated warehouses for chilled and frozen foods are large energy consumers and account for a significant portion of the global energy demand. Nevertheless, the opportunity for RES integration in the energy supply of large food storage facilities is often neglected. In situ power generation using RES permits capture of a large portion of virtually free energy, thereby reducing dramatically the running costs and carbon footprint, while enhancing the economic competitiveness. In that context, there exist promising engineering solutions to exploit various renewables in the food preservation sector, in combination with the emerging sustainability-enhancing technology of Cryogenic Energy Storage (CES). Key findings and conclusions Substantial research endeavours are driven by the noble objective to turn the Europe's Energy Union into the world's number one in renewable energies. Integrating RES, in synchrony with CES development and proper control, is capable of both strengthening the food refrigeration sector and improving dramatically the power grid balance and energy system sustainability. Hence, this article aims to familiarise stakeholders of the European and global food preservation industry with state-of-the-art knowledge, know-how, opportunities and professional achievements in the concerned field

Off-shell superconformal nonlinear sigma-models in three dimensions

We develop superspace techniques to construct general off-shell N=1,2,3,4 superconformal sigma-models in three space-time dimensions. The most general N=3 and N=4 superconformal sigma-models are constructed in terms of N=2 chiral superfields. Several superspace proofs of the folklore statement that N=3 supersymmetry implies N=4 are presented both in the on-shell and off-shell settings. We also elaborate on (super)twistor realisations for (super)manifolds on which the three-dimensional N-extended superconformal groups act transitively and which include Minkowski space as a subspace.Comment: 67 pages; V2: typos corrected, one reference added, version to appear on JHE

Chiral superconductivity from repulsive interactions in doped graphene

Author Manuscript 17 Sep 2011Chiral superconductivity, which breaks time-reversal symmetry, can exhibit a wealth of fascinating properties that are highly sought after for nanoscience applications. We identify doped graphene monolayer as a system where chiral superconductivity can be realized. In this material, a unique situation arises at a doping where the Fermi surface is nested and the density of states is singular. In this regime, d-wave superconductivity can emerge from repulsive electron–electron interactions. Using a renormalization group method, we argue that superconductivity dominates over all competing orders for generic weak repulsive interactions. Superconductivity develops simultaneously in two degenerate d-wave pairing channels. We argue that the resulting superconducting state is of chiral type, with the phase of the superconducting order parameter winding by 4π around the Fermi surface. Realization of this state in doped graphene will prove that superconductivity can emerge from electron–electron repulsion, and will open the door to applications of chiral superconductivity

Sepsis Enhances Epithelial Permeability with Stretch in an Actin Dependent Manner

Ventilation of septic patients often leads to the development of edema and impaired gas exchange. We hypothesized that septic alveolar epithelial monolayers would experience stretch-induced barrier dysfunction at a lower magnitude of stretch than healthy alveolar epithelial monolayers. Alveolar epithelial cells were isolated from rats 24 hours after cecal ligation and double puncture (2CLP) or sham surgery. Following a 5-day culture period, monolayers were cyclically stretched for 0, 10, or 60 minutes to a magnitude of 12% or 25% change in surface area (ΔSA). Barrier function, MAPk and myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation, tight junction (TJ) protein expression and actin cytoskeletal organization were examined after stretch. Significant increases in epithelial permeability were observed only in 2CLP monolayers at the 12% ΔSA stretch level, and in both 2CLP and sham monolayers at the 25% ΔSA stretch level. Increased permeability in 2CLP monolayers was not associated with MAPk signaling or alterations in expression of TJ proteins. 2CLP monolayers had fewer actin stress fibers before stretch, a more robust stretch-induced actin redistribution, and reduced phosphorylated MLCK than sham monolayers. Jasplakinolide stabilization of the actin cytoskeleton in 2CLP monolayers prevented significant increases in permeability following 60 minutes of stretch to 12% ΔSA. We concluded that septic alveolar epithelial monolayers are more susceptible to stretch-induced barrier dysfunction than healthy monolayers due to actin reorganization

Early phase of plasticity-related gene regulation and SRF dependent transcription in the hippocampus

Hippocampal organotypic cultures are a highly reliable in vitro model for studying neuroplasticity: in this paper, we analyze the early phase of the transcriptional response induced by a 20 \ub5M gabazine treatment (GabT), a GABA-Ar antagonist, by using Affymetrix oligonucleotide microarray, RT-PCR based time-course and chromatin-immuno-precipitation. The transcriptome profiling revealed that the pool of genes up-regulated by GabT, besides being strongly related to the regulation of growth and synaptic transmission, is also endowed with neuro-protective and pro-survival properties. By using RT-PCR, we quantified a time-course of the transient expression for 33 of the highest up-regulated genes, with an average sampling rate of 10 minutes and covering the time interval [10 3690] minutes. The cluster analysis of the time-course disclosed the existence of three different dynamical patterns, one of which proved, in a statistical analysis based on results from previous works, to be significantly related with SRF-dependent regulation (p-value<0.05). The chromatin immunoprecipitation (chip) assay confirmed the rich presence of working CArG boxes in the genes belonging to the latter dynamical pattern and therefore validated the statistical analysis. Furthermore, an in silico analysis of the promoters revealed the presence of additional conserved CArG boxes upstream of the genes Nr4a1 and Rgs2. The chip assay confirmed a significant SRF signal in the Nr4a1 CArG box but not in the Rgs2 CArG box

Improved functionalization of oleic acid-coated iron oxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles can providemultiple benefits for biomedical applications in aqueous environments such asmagnetic separation or magnetic resonance imaging. To increase the colloidal stability and allow subsequent reactions, the introduction of hydrophilic functional groups onto the particles’ surface is essential. During this process, the original coating is exchanged by preferably covalently bonded ligands such as trialkoxysilanes. The duration of the silane exchange reaction, which commonly takes more than 24 h, is an important drawback for this approach. In this paper, we present a novel method, which introduces ultrasonication as an energy source to dramatically accelerate this process, resulting in high-quality waterdispersible nanoparticles around 10 nmin size. To prove the generic character, different functional groups were introduced on the surface including polyethylene glycol chains, carboxylic acid, amine, and thiol groups. Their colloidal stability in various aqueous buffer solutions as well as human plasma and serum was investigated to allow implementation in biomedical and sensing applications.status: publishe